Homebrew简介与安装

文章作者：Tyan
博客：noahsnail.com | CSDN | 简书

1. 简介

Homebrew是Mac OSX上的软件包管理工具，能在Mac中方便的安装软件或者卸载软件，相当于linux下的apt-get、yum；Homebre可以在Mac上安装一些OS X没有的UNIX工具，Homebrew安装工具的目录为/usr/local/Cellar，并在/usr/local/bin中创建了工具对应的符号链接。例如Homebrew安装的cmake：

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# lrwxr-xr-x中的l表示link（链接)，->表示链接的文件 
$ ls -l /usr/local/bin/cmake
lrwxr-xr-x  1 ***  ***  31 12  1 09:23 /usr/local/bin/cmake -> ../Cellar/cmake/3.7.0/bin/cmake

2. 安装

Home是通过Ruby安装的，而Mac上默认安装了Ruby。Homebrew的安装命令为：

1	ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

3. Homebrew用法

安装软件

# 命令形式： brew install software-name

# 安装wget
$ brew install wget
==> Installing dependencies for wget: openssl
==> Installing wget dependency: openssl
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2j.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2j.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
==> Using the sandbox
==> Caveats
A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots
keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in
the System keychain), place .pem files in
  /usr/local/etc/openssl/certs

and run
  /usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash

This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local.

Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries

Generally there are no consequences of this for you. If you build your
own software and it requires this formula, you'll need to add to your
build variables:

    LDFLAGS:  -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib
    CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include
    PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig

==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2j: 1,695 files, 12M
==> Installing wget
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/wget-1.18.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring wget-1.18.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/wget/1.18: 9 files, 1.6M

卸载软件

# 命令形式： brew uninstall software-name

# 卸载wget
$ brew uninstall wget
Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/wget/1.18... (9 files, 1.6M)

查看安装的软件

# 命令形式： brew list

$ brew list
cmake		maven		node		openssl		pkg-config	wget		xz

$ brew list --versions

查看哪些软件需要更新

# 命令形式：brew outdated

$ brew outdated
node (6.5.0) < 7.2.0
pkg-config (0.29.1_1) < 0.29.1_2

更新Homebrew

# 命令形式：brew update

$ brew update
Already up-to-date.

显示brew信息

# 命令形式：brew info

$ brew info
7 kegs, 7,868 files, 95.5M

软件升级

# 命令形式：brew upgrade software-name

$ brew upgrade pkg-config
==> Upgrading 1 outdated package, with result:
pkg-config 0.29.1_2
==> Upgrading pkg-config
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/pkg-config-0.29.1_2.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring pkg-config-0.29.1_2.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
Error: The `brew link` step did not complete successfully
The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local
Could not symlink bin/pkg-config
Target /usr/local/bin/pkg-config
is a symlink belonging to pkg-config. You can unlink it:
  brew unlink pkg-config

To force the link and overwrite all conflicting files:
  brew link --overwrite pkg-config

To list all files that would be deleted:
  brew link --overwrite --dry-run pkg-config

Possible conflicting files are:
/usr/local/bin/pkg-config -> /usr/local/Cellar/pkg-config/0.29.1_1/bin/pkg-config
/usr/local/share/aclocal/pkg.m4 -> /usr/local/Cellar/pkg-config/0.29.1_1/share/aclocal/pkg.m4
/usr/local/share/doc/pkg-config/pkg-config-guide.html
/usr/local/share/doc/pkg-config/pkg-config-guide.html
/usr/local/share/man/man1/pkg-config.1 -> /usr/local/Cellar/pkg-config/0.29.1_1/share/man/man1/pkg-config.1
==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/pkg-config/0.29.1_2: 10 files, 627.4K

$ brew link --overwrite pkg-config

搜索软件

# 命令形式：brew search software-name

$ brew search wget
wget ✔                                                                                                                                  wgetpaste

创建软件链接

1	brew link software-name

切换软件版本

# brew switch <name> <version>
$ brew switch webp 0.5.1
Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/webp/0.5.1
Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/webp/0.6.0
23 links created for /usr/local/Cellar/webp/0.5.1